The Role of Moral Intelligence in Shaping Social Tolerance Attitudes among Elementary School Students: A PRISMA Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This systematic literature review examines the role of moral intelligence in shaping social tolerance attitudes among elementary school students using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. The review synthesizes findings from 25 peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2024, comprising 5 local Indonesian studies and 20 international studies. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases including Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, Google Scholar, and Indonesian scientific repositories. The analysis reveals that moral intelligence significantly influences the development of social tolerance through several mechanisms: cognitive moral reasoning, empathy development, perspective-taking abilities, and ethical decision-making processes. Findings indicate that elementary school students with higher moral intelligence demonstrate greater acceptance of diversity, enhanced conflict resolution skills, and more inclusive behaviors toward peers from different backgrounds. The review identifies key educational interventions that effectively promote both moral intelligence and tolerance attitudes, including character education programs, cooperative learning strategies, and social-emotional learning curricula. This study contributes to understanding the developmental pathways through which moral intelligence shapes tolerance attitudes in young learners and provides evidence-based recommendations for educational practice.